Webb18 mars 2013 · Sea ice differs from fresh water ice in physical behavior because of the entrapment of liquid inclusions of brine in the ice matrix. This difference is strongly … Webb15 apr. 2024 · 8. Remote sensing of snow and ice. Remote sensing of the cryosphere is a large research field, which I will not attempt to review. Instead, I refer the reader to two books [77,78] and two review articles [79,80]. I will just briefly comment here on remote sensing using microwaves and radio waves.
Optical properties of ice and snow - Royal Society
Webb2 sep. 2024 · Seasonal snow cover is the largest single component of the cryosphere in areal extent, covering an average of 46 × 10 6 km 2 of Earth's surface (31 % of the land area) each year, and is thus an important expression and driver of the Earth's climate. In recent years, Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover has been declining at about the … WebbThe choice of this function is quite arbitrary: the only basis is that there is very little negative freeboard in Arctic sea ice, there is nearly always a snow cover over sea ice and … shannen wilson
The AMSR-E NT2 sea ice concentration algorithm: Its basis and ...
Webb31 okt. 2024 · If there is a need for monitoring a number of DIRs, each of an area of perhaps 200,000 km 2, the radar will scan them sequentially, in which case the revisit time may be extended to 10–15 min, which is still adequate to monitor even rapid changes in sea ice conditions. Webb1. Introduction. Trends in sea-ice extent as seen from satellites – rather coarse indicators of the health of the polar ice covers – have been monitored for only three decades (1978-present) (Reference Comiso, Parkinson, Gersten and Stock Comiso and others, 2008).Yet, these satellite estimates have served as the bellwether of climate of the Arctic and, to a … Webb1 jan. 1992 · The Physical Basis for Sea Ice Remote Sensing. Martti Hallikainen, Dale P. Winebrenner. Book Editor (s): Frank D. Carsey. First published: 01 January 1992. shannen white realtor